1. What is March 1st Movement (Samiljeol)?
Hello! Have you ever heard of Korea's March 1st Movement, also known as Samiljeol? Today is a very important day in Korea, as it commemorates a major independence movement.
On March 1, 1919, Koreans stood up against Japan’s colonial rule and shouted, "Long live Korean independence!" This movement spread across the country, becoming a significant moment in Korean history. Although independence was not achieved immediately, it paved the way for Korea’s eventual liberation.
2. The Background of the March 1st Movement
Why did Koreans take to the streets to demand independence? Several factors contributed to this historic movement.
Korea had been under Japanese colonial rule since 1910. During this period, Japan attempted to erase Korean culture, banned the Korean language, and forced Koreans to adopt Japanese names. The Japanese government also seized Korean land and transferred it to Japanese settlers, exploiting Korea's economy. Many Koreans were subjected to forced labor.
Additionally, freedom of speech and assembly was strictly suppressed. Those who spoke out for independence were arrested, and the Japanese police and military used brutal force to silence any resistance. However, in 1918, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s declaration of "national self-determination" inspired hope among Koreans, leading students and religious leaders to organize the March 1st Movement.
3. How the March 1st Movement Unfolded
On March 1, 1919, a public reading of the Korean Declaration of Independence took place at Tapgol Park in Seoul. The movement quickly spread nationwide, with crowds of Koreans chanting "Long live Korean independence!" However, Japan responded with severe repression, arresting and killing thousands of protesters.
Despite the crackdown, the movement demonstrated the unwavering spirit of the Korean people and contributed to the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919.
4. Key Figures of the March 1st Movement
Many leaders played crucial roles in the movement:
Yu Gwan-sun: An 18-year-old student who led protests and was later imprisoned and tortured to death for continuing to advocate for independence.
Son Byeong-hui: A leader of the Cheondoism religious movement who helped draft the Korean Declaration of Independence and emphasized nonviolent resistance.
Lee Seung-hoon: An educator who played a key role in drafting the declaration and spreading the independence movement.
Kim Maria: A female activist who organized women’s independence movements and established the Korean Patriotic Women’s Association.
Many others, including unnamed heroes, sacrificed for Korea’s freedom, making modern Korea possible today.
5. Similar Independence Days Around the World
Korea is not the only country with a day commemorating the fight for independence. Here are some similar national holidays:
United States: Independence Day (July 4) marks the country’s declaration of independence from Britain in 1776.
India: Independence Day (August 15) celebrates India's independence from British rule in 1947.
Vietnam: National Day (September 2) commemorates Vietnam’s declaration of independence from France in 1945.
6. The Significance of March 1st Movement
Many nations have struggled for independence, and the March 1st Movement remains a powerful symbol of Korea’s fight for freedom. It is more than just a public holiday; it is a day to remember the sacrifices made for Korea’s sovereignty and democracy.
7. A Korean Perspective on March 1st
As a Korean, March 1st reminds me of the courage and sacrifices of those who fought for our country’s independence. While we now live in a free nation, this freedom was not easily won.
The movement showed that all Koreans—students, women, religious leaders, and ordinary citizens—united under one goal: independence. Their perseverance in the face of oppression continues to inspire us today.
If you have friends interested in Korean history, this is a great day to share this story with them! Understanding the struggles behind Korea’s independence helps us appreciate the freedom we enjoy today.
Why not take a moment today to reflect on the significance of this historic day?
